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Tumour Marker Testing

Detection, monitoring and follow-up of oncological processes through specific tumour markers

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What does tumour marker testing involve?

Tumour marker testing is a laboratory test that allows the identification and measurement of certain substances in the body that may be associated with the presence or progression of specific types of cancer. These markers can be found in blood, urine or other biological fluids and are usually proteins produced either by tumour cells or by the body itself in response to an abnormal process. Its main usefulness lies in the clinical monitoring of patients, the evaluation of treatment effectiveness and, in some cases, as support in early detection. However, it is important to note that tumour markers are not definitive diagnostic tests, but complementary tools that must be interpreted alongside medical history and other clinical tests.

Tumour markers are biological substances that may increase in the presence of certain types of cancer. These can include proteins, antigens, enzymes or hormones circulating in the bloodstream. Although their presence may indicate tumour activity, they can also be elevated in benign diseases, inflammatory conditions or even normal physiological states. Therefore, their interpretation must always be carried out within a complete clinical context.
There are different markers depending on the type of tissue or tumour. For example, PSA is associated with the prostate, CA 125 with the ovary, CEA with gastrointestinal tumours such as colon, CA 19-9 with the pancreas, and AFP with the liver. Each has specific indications, and their selection depends on the patient’s history, symptoms and clinical suspicion. In many cases, several markers are combined to obtain a more comprehensive overview.
This test is mainly used for monitoring diagnosed patients, allowing the progression of the disease to be observed and potential relapses to be detected. It is also useful for evaluating the response to treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery. In certain cases, it may be used as support for early detection in individuals with risk factors or a family history.
Although they are very useful tools, tumour markers have limitations. An elevated value does not always mean the presence of cancer, and normal values do not completely rule it out. Factors such as infections, inflammation or habits like smoking can affect the results. Therefore, they should never be used as the sole diagnostic method.

A key tool in preventive and follow-up medicine

Tumour marker testing represents a fundamental resource in modern medicine, especially in the field of oncology. It enables more precise monitoring of a patient’s progression, facilitating the early detection of changes in the disease and the adjustment of treatments. In addition, for individuals with a family history or risk factors, it can form part of medical surveillance programmes, contributing to a preventive and personalised approach to healthcare. Carrying out these tests regularly, under medical guidance, helps to improve prognosis and quality of life.

Early detection of abnormalities

Allows identification of changes in the body before obvious symptoms appear. This is particularly important in certain types of cancer, where early detection significantly improves prognosis and treatment options.

Continuous patient monitoring

An essential tool for patients already diagnosed, as it allows monitoring of disease progression over time and early detection of possible relapses.

Assessment of treatment response

Tumour marker levels can indicate whether a treatment is effective. A progressive decrease is usually associated with a good response, while increases may require therapeutic adjustments.

Support in medical decision-making

Provides additional information that helps healthcare professionals make more accurate clinical decisions, always in combination with other diagnostic tests.

Frequently Questions

No. Tumour markers are not definitive diagnostic tests. Although they can provide guidance and relevant information, they must always be complemented with other tests such as imaging studies, biopsies and clinical evaluation to confirm a diagnosis.
Yes. There are many situations in which tumour markers may be elevated without the presence of cancer, such as infections, inflammation, benign conditions or even physiological factors. For this reason, results should not be interpreted without medical supervision.
It is mainly indicated for individuals undergoing oncological follow-up or with clinical suspicion. It may also be recommended for patients with a family history or specific risk factors, always under medical guidance.

Trust in out professionals

Susana Navarro

Bachelor of Science in Biology from the University of Malaga and Specialist in Clinical Analysis

Emelina Garcia

Laboratory Specialist Technician.

Isabel García

Bachelor in Biological Sciences from University of Málaga.

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